Social Health and Behavior

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This study aims to understand how a commonly used theory among occupational therapists, the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), is applied to cases since it was developed. This review used the keywords of “Model of Human Occupation” and “case” to search target articles in three databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS. Studies were included when the MOHO is adopted in a case with case description. This review included 34 articles with 57 cases: 11 articles published in the 1980s, 13 articles in the 1990s, seven articles in the 2000s, and three articles in the 2010s. These case studies were reported from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, and Hong Kong. There were 25 cases diagnosed as a mental health problem (including learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dementia, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, conduct disorder, substance abuse, and atypical dissociative disorder); 22 cases were diagnosed as having physical health problems, including musculoskeletal pain, hemiplegia, hand dysfunction, stroke, diabetes, HIV infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, and brain injury; eight cases were diagnosed as having both physical and mental health problems. Most studies reported a treatment plan and left five cases with a mental health problem, and two with a physical health problem did not report any treatment plan. All the studies showed that MOHO can improve the health of the cases and assist them to achieve their goal, except for a case with musculoskeletal problem and two cases with multiple mental disorders. In conclusion, this review showed that MOHO is effective for both physical and mental health problems over the years.

Introduction: This study sought to understand the perception of parenting style among young adults using qualitative method. Methods: Five focus group discussions were carried out with 29 participants. A self-prepared semi-structured interview, face validated by experts in the field and socio demographic sheet and focus group discussion guide was used for collecting the data. The data were transcribed and thematically analyzed. Results: The overarching themes were privacy, control, autonomy, discipline, love, and warmth and unconditional acceptance of parents. Conclusion: Sociocultural background and culture seems to be one of the strongest determinants in assessing the perception of parenting style among young adults.

Introduction: Because health-promoting behavior is one of the major determinants of health, this study was conducted to determine whether social support predicts health-promoting behaviors in elderly people living in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 180 elderly people referring to the health complexes in Tabriz, Iran, were selected using a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple linear regression models. Results: The mean age of 180 elderly people who participated in the study was 66.9 ± 5.74 years. The results of multiple regression indicated that education (B = 8.98, P < 0.001) and perceived social support (B = 0.45, P < 0.014) explained ~29% of changes in health-promoting behaviors among the elderly. Conclusion: Given the predictive role of perceived social support in health-promoting behaviors, establishing or strengthening supportive social networks seems to be one of the effective factors in promoting the elderly's health.

Introduction: Sexual function is a part of human life and behavior. It is considered a multidimensional phenomenon that it is influenced by various biological, psychological, and social factors. Pregnancy plays an important role in female sexual function and behavior. This study was conducted to investigate the sexual function and to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among pregnant women during the trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 on 150 pregnant women who referred to the health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, in Qazvin. Samples were recruited through convenience sampling. For data collection, a personal and midwifery characteristics checklist, the Female Sexual Function Index, and Depression Anxiety, Stress scales were used. Collected data were then analyzed using SPSS using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and univariate and multivariate regression models. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results: Thirty-three percent of pregnant women suffered from sexual dysfunction. The mean and standard deviation of the female sexual function score were 44.7 ± 26.11. Sexual dysfunction among pregnant women during the first, second, and third trimesters were 2%, 20%, and 78%, respectively. Sexual function was correlated with gestational age (P < 0.05); however, the mean sexual function score was lower during the third trimester. There was also a significant relationship between sexual function with the mother's age and education. Conclusion: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction during pregnancy was high. Therefore, pregnant women and their spouses need counseling on the physical and mental changes during pregnancy.

Introduction: There are numerous studies on the intergenerational transmission of violence and criminal acts. However, the role of the confounding factors has been suggested as social and contextual factors. This study investigated whether violent criminals are more exposed to both their parents' inter-partner violence (IPV) and their own childhood abuse in comparison to noncriminal people after controlling for potentially confounding factors. Methods: This is a retrospective study on 101 Iranian young medical students at the Qazvin University of Medical Science (control) and 98 young adults who have been imprisoned in Choobindar prison due to violent crimes. Two groups have been assessed by Adult Recall Version of The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales: CTS2-CA and CTSPC-CA questionnaires. Results: Logistic regression of IPV and demographic variables showed that exp(β) for father's and mother's education in criminals is 0.307 and 0.203, respectively. Father's and mother's education were significant predictors of inter-partner violence among criminals with odds ratio of 0.24 and 0.29, respectively. Furthermore, childhood psychological aggregation and neglect are meaningful factors. Conclusion: After controlling for potentially confounding risk factors, multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that a history of witness IPV is not associated with the criminal act. The family context is important which they grew up in, such as mother's and father's education. Many criminal acts are the result of a combination of several factors, such as psychological, educational, cultural, social, and economic factors.

Online since 10^th May 2018